{"id":37218,"date":"2023-07-04T16:51:36","date_gmt":"2023-07-04T14:51:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/?p=37218"},"modified":"2023-09-11T15:17:03","modified_gmt":"2023-09-11T13:17:03","slug":"prava-a-povinnosti-profesionalneho-sportovca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/prava-a-povinnosti-profesionalneho-sportovca\/","title":{"rendered":"<i class='fa fa-edit'><\/i> Pr\u00e1va a povinnosti profesion\u00e1lneho \u0161portovca"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tak ako rastie v\u00fdznam \u0161portu v\u00a0celospolo\u010densk\u00fdch vz\u0165ahoch, rastie aj v\u00fdznam jeho pr\u00e1vnej regul\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pr\u00e1vne vz\u0165ahy profesion\u00e1lnych \u0161portovcov<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0r\u00e1mci v\u00fdkonu \u0161portovej \u010dinnosti s\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi najm\u00e4 vz\u0165ahy <u>medzi \u0161portovcom a\u00a0jeho agentom, \u0161portov\u00fdm klubom, zv\u00e4zom, sponzorom<\/u>, vz\u0165ahy vznikaj\u00face v\u00a0oblasti <u>zodpovednosti za \u0161kodu<\/u> alebo za <u>\u00faraz<\/u> a pr\u00e1vne vz\u0165ahy vznikaj\u00face v\u00a0s\u00favislosti s\u00a0rozhodovac\u00edmi <u>procesmi \u0161portovej arbitr\u00e1\u017ee.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zodpovednostn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy v\u00a0\u0161porte maj\u00fa osobitn\u00fa povahu. <u>Potrebuj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00fa d\u00e1vku prevencie, preto\u017ee \u0161portov\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165 je rizikov\u00e1.<\/u> Okrem poru\u0161enia \u0161portov\u00fdch noriem doch\u00e1dza aj k\u00a0poru\u0161eniu pr\u00e1vnych noriem a\u00a0d\u00f4sledky m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 rozdielne.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Na \u0161portovcov sa vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tne aj medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 normy. Na medzin\u00e1rodnej \u00farovni sa regul\u00e1cia t\u00fdka preva\u017ene dopingu. Jednak v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 reguluj\u00face z\u00e1kaz dopingu vo v\u0161eobecnosti a aj nastavenie pr\u00edpustn\u00fdch limitov pre konkr\u00e9tne l\u00e1tky. Na vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tnej \u00farovni sa regul\u00e1cia t\u00fdka fungovania \u0161portov\u00fdch organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed a\u00a0ich vz\u0165ahov so \u0161portovcami.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pr\u00e1vny vz\u0165ah profesion\u00e1lneho \u0161portovca so \u0161portovou organiz\u00e1ciou\/klubom<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o\u00a0\u0161porte umo\u017e\u0148uje profesion\u00e1lnym \u0161portovcom venova\u0165 sa \u0161portovej \u010dinnosti dvomi sp\u00f4sobmi:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>ako zamestnanec<\/strong> \u0161portovej organiz\u00e1cie\/klubu na z\u00e1klade zmluvy o profesion\u00e1lnom vykon\u00e1van\u00ed \u0161portu;<\/li>\n<li><strong>ako samostatne z\u00e1robkovo \u010dinn\u00e1 osoba<\/strong> (SZ\u010cO resp. \u017eivnostn\u00edk) bu\u010f individu\u00e1lne alebo na z\u00e1klade inej zmluvy so \u0161portovou organiz\u00e1ciou\/klubom.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1vne postavenie profesion\u00e1lneho \u0161portovca a\u00a0tomu prisl\u00fachaj\u00face pr\u00e1va a\u00a0povinnosti s\u00fa \u0161pecifick\u00e9 v\u00a0oboch pr\u00edpadoch, \u010di u\u017e vykon\u00e1va \u0161portov\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165 ako zamestnanec alebo ako SZ\u010cO.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Profesion\u00e1lny \u0161portovec vykon\u00e1vaj\u00faci \u0161portov\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165 ako zamestnanec<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Profesion\u00e1lni \u0161portovci nie s\u00fa \u0161tandardn\u00fdmi zamestnancami. Postavenie zamestnanca vych\u00e1dza najm\u00e4 zo Z\u00e1konn\u00edka pr\u00e1ce, av\u0161ak <u>pr\u00e1va a\u00a0povinnosti profesion\u00e1lneho \u0161portovca s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 najm\u00e4 v\u00a0Z\u00e1kone o\u00a0\u0161porte<\/u> a\u00a0len doplnkovo sa na jeho vz\u0165ahy so zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eom pou\u017eij\u00fa ustanovenia Z\u00e1konn\u00edka pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Podobne ako v\u00a0pr\u00edpade \u0161tandardn\u00fdch zamestnancov, aj v\u00a0pr\u00edpade profesion\u00e1lneho \u0161portovca \u2013 zamestnanca je mo\u017en\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u0165 s\u00a0v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou mierou ochrany, napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ustanovenie pracovn\u00e9ho \u010dasu a\u00a0potrebn\u00e9ho \u010dasu na odpo\u010dinok a\u00a0regener\u00e1ciu;<\/li>\n<li>v\u00fdplata, splatnos\u0165 mzdy pod\u013ea Z\u00e1konn\u00edka pr\u00e1ce a\u00a0trestnopr\u00e1vna zodpovednos\u0165 zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea pri nevyplaten\u00ed mzdy;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00e1rok na dovolenku v\u00a0rozsahu 20 dn\u00ed, za ktor\u00fa patr\u00ed \u0161portovcovi mzda;<\/li>\n<li>z\u00e1kaz v\u00fdpovede pri pr\u00e1ceneschopnosti a\u00a0tehotenstve \u0161portovca;<\/li>\n<li>povinnos\u0165 zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea zabezpe\u010di\u0165 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a ochranu \u0161portovca pri v\u00fdkone \u0161portovej \u010dinnosti;<\/li>\n<li>mo\u017enos\u0165 zdru\u017eova\u0165 sa v\u00a0odborov\u00fdch organiz\u00e1ci\u00e1ch \u0161portovcov a\u00a0vyjedna\u0165 si tak lep\u0161ie kolekt\u00edvne podmienky v pr\u00e1ci;<\/li>\n<li>zodpovednos\u0165 zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea za \u0161kodu, ktor\u00e1 vznikne \u0161portovcovi pri v\u00fdkone \u0161portovej \u010dinnosti;<\/li>\n<li>mo\u017enosti kontroly in\u0161pekciou pr\u00e1ce.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o\u00a0\u0161porte nastavuje vz\u0165ahy medzi profesion\u00e1lnym \u0161portovcom a \u0161portovou organiz\u00e1ciou\/klubom <u>najm\u00e4 ako pracovnopr\u00e1vne<\/u>. D\u00f4vodom je povaha v\u00fdkonu \u0161portovej \u010dinnosti ako z\u00e1vislej pr\u00e1ce pre jednu \u0161portov\u00fa organiz\u00e1ciu\/klub <u>s\u00a0jasn\u00fdm vz\u0165ahom nadriadenosti a\u00a0podriadenosti.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Av\u0161ak, vzh\u013eadom na prax a\u00a0r\u00f4znorodos\u0165 vz\u0165ahov a\u00a0doh\u00f4d medzi profesion\u00e1lnymi \u0161portovcami a \u0161portov\u00fdmi organiz\u00e1ciami\/klubmi Z\u00e1kon o\u00a0\u0161porte umo\u017e\u0148uje aj vykon\u00e1vanie \u0161portovej \u010dinnosti ako obchodnopr\u00e1vneho vz\u0165ahu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Profesion\u00e1lny \u0161portovec vykon\u00e1vaj\u00faci \u0161portov\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165 ako SZ\u010cO<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Napriek tomu, \u017ee obchodnopr\u00e1vne vz\u0165ahy uzatvoren\u00e9 medzi podnikate\u013emi s\u00fa typick\u00e9 auton\u00f3miou v\u00f4le (zjednodu\u0161ene \u2013 zmluvn\u00e9 strany s\u00fa viazan\u00e9 len t\u00fdm, na \u010dom sa dohodn\u00fa v\u00a0zmluve), v\u00a0pr\u00edpade obchodnopr\u00e1vneho vz\u0165ahu medzi profesion\u00e1lnym \u0161portovcom a\u00a0\u0161portovou organiz\u00e1ciou\/klubom to nie je celkom tak. <u>Z\u00e1kon o\u00a0\u0161porte toti\u017e uv\u00e1dza, ktor\u00e9 typick\u00e9 pracovnopr\u00e1vne ustanovenia platia aj v\u00a0pr\u00edpade, ak \u0161portovec vystupuje vo vz\u0165ahoch ako SZ\u010cO.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Medzi hlavn\u00e9 pr\u00e1va a\u00a0povinnosti patria:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 pr\u00e1va a\u00a0povinnosti \u0161portovca \u2013 svedomit\u00e1 pr\u00edprava a\u00a0akt\u00edvne z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148ovanie sa na s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eiach, z\u00e1kaz st\u00e1vkovania, dodr\u017eiavanie pokynov tr\u00e9nerov a\u00a0\u010dlenov realiza\u010dn\u00e9ho t\u00edmu, povinnosti oh\u013eadom zdravotn\u00fdch prehliadok a\u00a0o\u0161etren\u00ed, zamedzenie vzniku \u00farazov at\u010f. (\u00a7 32 Z\u00e1kona o\u00a0\u0161porte);<\/li>\n<li>z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 pr\u00e1va a\u00a0povinnosti \u0161portovej organiz\u00e1cie\/klubu \u2013 zabezpe\u010denie tr\u00e9nera s\u00a0odbornou sp\u00f4sobilos\u0165ou, zabezpe\u010denie oddychu, regener\u00e1cie a\u00a0podmienok na v\u00fdkon \u0161portovej \u010dinnosti (\u00a7 33 Z\u00e1kona o\u00a0\u0161porte);<\/li>\n<li>\u0161pecifick\u00e9 pr\u00e1va a\u00a0povinnosti \u0161portovca a \u0161portovej organiz\u00e1cie\/klubu e\u0161te pred uzavret\u00edm zmluvy;<\/li>\n<li>pr\u00e1va povinnosti oh\u013eadom skon\u010denia zmluvn\u00e9ho vz\u0165ahu (napr. v\u00fdpove\u010f, v\u00fdpovedn\u00e1 lehota, okam\u017eit\u00e9 skon\u010denie)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Samozrejme plat\u00ed, \u017ee strany si v\u00a0zmluve m\u00f4\u017eu dohodn\u00fa\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie \u013eubovo\u013en\u00e9 pr\u00e1va a\u00a0povinnosti, av\u0161ak <u>vy\u0161\u0161ie uv\u00e1dzame tie, ktor\u00e9 strany zav\u00e4zuj\u00fa aj bez osobitnej dohody v\u00a0zmluve.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>___<\/p>\n<p>Oblas\u0165 \u0161portov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, osobitne vz\u0165ahy profesion\u00e1lnych a\u00a0amat\u00e9rskych \u0161portovcov boli doned\u00e1vna legislat\u00edvne upraven\u00e9 len okrajovo, ak v\u00f4bec. V\u00a0posledn\u00fdch rokoch v\u0161ak regul\u00e1cia t\u00fdchto vz\u0165ahov nadob\u00fada jasnej\u0161ie kont\u00fary, dynamicky sa men\u00ed a\u00a0aj preto je vhodn\u00e9 (ak nie nevyhnutn\u00e9) jej venova\u0165 pozornos\u0165, a\u00a0to aj s\u00a0pr\u00e1vnou pomocou profesion\u00e1la.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mgr. Martin Pe\u010dimon<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Zdroje:<\/em><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><em>z\u00e1kon \u010d. 440\/215 Z. z. o \u0161porte a o zmene a doplnen\u00ed niektor\u00fdch z\u00e1konov v\u00a0znen\u00ed neskor\u0161\u00edch predpisov<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>R<\/em><em>\u016f\u017ei\u010dka, H.: Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed postaven\u00ed profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch sportovc\u016f a\u00a0profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed sportovn\u00ed smlouvy. 1. vyd\u00e1n\u00ed. Praha: C. H. Beck, 2022<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>G\u00e1bri\u0161, T.: \u0160portov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo. 1. vydanie. Bratislava: EUROK\u00d3DEX, 2011<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Sv\u00e1k, J. a\u00a0Pitek, L.: \u0160port, futbal a\u00a0pr\u00e1vo vo svetle rozhodnut\u00ed odvolacej komisie Slovensk\u00e9ho futbalov\u00e9ho zv\u00e4zu. Bratislava: Wolters Kluwer, 2019<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tak ako rastie v\u00fdznam \u0161portu v\u00a0celospolo\u010densk\u00fdch vz\u0165ahoch, rastie aj v\u00fdznam jeho pr\u00e1vnej regul\u00e1cie. &nbsp; Pr\u00e1vne vz\u0165ahy profesion\u00e1lnych \u0161portovcov V\u00a0r\u00e1mci v\u00fdkonu \u0161portovej \u010dinnosti s\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi najm\u00e4 vz\u0165ahy medzi \u0161portovcom a\u00a0jeho agentom, \u0161portov\u00fdm klubom, zv\u00e4zom, sponzorom, vz\u0165ahy vznikaj\u00face v\u00a0oblasti zodpovednosti za \u0161kodu alebo za \u00faraz a pr\u00e1vne vz\u0165ahy vznikaj\u00face v\u00a0s\u00favislosti s\u00a0rozhodovac\u00edmi procesmi&hellip;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":37220,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[48,50],"tags":[],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37218"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37218"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37218\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37243,"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37218\/revisions\/37243"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37218"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}