{"id":36857,"date":"2021-09-22T13:37:34","date_gmt":"2021-09-22T11:37:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/?p=36857"},"modified":"2021-09-22T13:37:34","modified_gmt":"2021-09-22T11:37:34","slug":"maju-pozostali-obete-dopravnej-nehody-pravo-na-nahradu-nemajetkovej-ujmy-z-povinneho-zmluvneho-poistenia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/maju-pozostali-obete-dopravnej-nehody-pravo-na-nahradu-nemajetkovej-ujmy-z-povinneho-zmluvneho-poistenia\/","title":{"rendered":"<i class='fa fa-comments'><\/i> Maj\u00fa pozostal\u00ed obete dopravnej nehody pr\u00e1vo na n\u00e1hradu nemajetkovej ujmy z povinn\u00e9ho zmluvn\u00e9ho poistenia?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>Pred dvoma rokmi som pri\u0161la o\u00a0man\u017eela, stal sa obe\u0165ou dopravnej nehody. Vodi\u010d, ktor\u00fd dopravn\u00fa nehodu sp\u00f4sobil, bol s\u00fadom uznan\u00fd za vinn\u00e9ho z\u00a0pre\u010dinu usmrtenia. Pois\u0165ov\u0148a mi uhradila z\u00a0povinn\u00e9ho zmluvn\u00e9ho poistenia motorov\u00e9ho vozidla, ktor\u00fdm bola sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 nehoda, n\u00e1klady na pohreb a\u00a0n\u00e1klady na zriadenie hrobov\u00e9ho miesta. Dopo\u010dula som sa v\u0161ak, \u017ee okrem t\u00fdchto n\u00e1kladov by pois\u0165ov\u0148a mala uhradi\u0165 z\u00a0povinn\u00e9ho zmluvn\u00e9ho poistenia aj nemajetkov\u00fa ujmu za stratu milovan\u00e9ho a\u00a0bl\u00edzkeho \u010dloveka. Ako sa d\u00e1 tak\u00e1to nemajetkov\u00e1 ujma vo\u010di pois\u0165ovni uplatni\u0165 a\u00a0ak\u00e1 je jej v\u00fd\u0161ka?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h6><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>Zo z\u00e1kona \u010d. 381\/2001 Z.\u00a0z. o povinnom zmluvnom poisten\u00ed\u00a0priamo nevypl\u00fdva povinnos\u0165 pois\u0165ovne uhradi\u0165 pozostal\u00fdm obete dopravnej nehody nemajetkov\u00fa ujmu v\u00a0s\u00favislosti so stratou bl\u00edzkej osoby. Defin\u00edcia \u0161kody vypl\u00fdvaj\u00faca z\u00a0tohto z\u00e1kona nemajetkov\u00fa ujmu ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 \u0161kody nezah\u0155\u0148a a\u00a0<strong>pois\u0165ovne tak\u00fato ujmu v\u00a0r\u00e1mci povinn\u00e9ho zmluvn\u00e9ho poistenia motorov\u00fdch vozidiel dobrovo\u013ene neuhr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Uplatnenie nemajetkovej ujmy z\u00a0povinn\u00e9ho zmluvn\u00e9ho poistenia v\u00a0s\u00favislosti so smrte\u013en\u00fdmi dopravn\u00fdmi nehodami je v\u0161ak u\u017e nieko\u013eko rokov otvorenou t\u00e9mou s\u00fadnej praxe. <strong>Pozostal\u00ed sa toti\u017e nemajetkovej ujmy akt\u00edvne vo\u010di pois\u0165ovniam na slovensk\u00fdch s\u00fadoch dom\u00e1haj\u00fa.<\/strong> Pravdepodobne tie\u017e preto, \u017ee <strong>eur\u00f3pske smernice nemajetkov\u00fa ujmu pre pozostal\u00fdch obet\u00ed smrte\u013en\u00fdch dopravn\u00fdch neh\u00f4d ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 n\u00e1hrad kryt\u00fdch povinn\u00fdm zmluvn\u00fdm poisten\u00edm zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa<\/strong> a\u00a0v\u00a0ostatn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 z\u00e1kony povinnos\u0165 pois\u0165ovn\u00ed hradi\u0165 nemajetkov\u00fa ujmu pozostal\u00fdm v\u00fdslovne obsahuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Na\u0161e s\u00fady rozhodovali a\u017e doned\u00e1vna o\u00a0\u017ealob\u00e1ch pozostal\u00fdch o\u00a0n\u00e1hradu nemajetkovej ujmy ve\u013emi r\u00f4znorodo. <strong>Niektor\u00e9 s\u00fady n\u00e1hradu prizn\u00e1vali, in\u00e9 nie<\/strong>. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm bolo v\u00a0tejto s\u00favislosti rozhodnutie S\u00fadneho dvora Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie sp.\u00a0zn. C\u201122\/12 (Haasov\u00e1 proti Petr\u00edkovi), v ktorom s\u00fadny dvor uviedol, \u017ee pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fa smernicu E\u00da je potrebn\u00e9 si vyklada\u0165 v tom zmysle, <strong>\u017ee povinn\u00e9 poistenie zodpovednosti za \u0161kodu sp\u00f4soben\u00fa prev\u00e1dzkou motorov\u00e9ho vozidla\u00a0m\u00e1 pokr\u00fdva\u0165 aj n\u00e1hradu nemajetkovej ujmy\u00a0sp\u00f4sobenej bl\u00edzkym osob\u00e1m obet\u00ed usmrten\u00fdch pri dopravnej nehode.<\/strong> Aj po prijat\u00ed tohto rozhodnutia S\u00fadneho dvora E\u00da v\u00a0roku 2013 s\u00fady na\u010falej rozhodovali aj tak, \u017ee nemajetkov\u00fa ujmu prizn\u00e1vali, aj tak, \u017ee tento n\u00e1rok pozostal\u00fdch zamietali ako n\u00e1rok nevypl\u00fdvaj\u00faci priamo z\u00a0n\u00e1\u0161ho pr\u00e1vneho poriadku.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Posun pri\u0161iel po prijat\u00ed uznesenia \u00dastavn\u00e9ho s\u00fadu SR v\u00a0roku 2016 (sp.\u00a0zn. III. \u00daS 666\/2016), ale hlavne \u00a0uznesenia Najvy\u0161\u0161ieho s\u00fadu SR z\u00a0roku 2017 (sp.\u00a0zn. 6 MCdo 1\/2016). <strong>Z\u00a0t\u00fdchto rozhodnut\u00ed u\u017e vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee \u0161kodou\u00a0pre \u00fa\u010dely z\u00e1kona \u010d. 381\/2001 Z. z. o povinnom zmluvnom poisten\u00ed je aj nemajetkov\u00e1 ujma spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00faca v\u00a0z\u00e1sahu do osobnostn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v pozostal\u00fdch obete dopravnej nehody sp\u00f4sobenej prev\u00e1dzkou motorov\u00e9ho vozidla.<\/strong>\u00a0Z\u00e1rove\u0148 z\u00a0nich vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee uplatni\u0165 si n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu takejto \u0161kody je mo\u017en\u00e9 pr\u00e1ve vo\u010di pois\u0165ovni, v\u00a0ktorej bolo motorov\u00e9 vozidlo povinne zmluvne poisten\u00e9. Zo zverejnen\u00fdch aktu\u00e1lnych rozsudkov odvolac\u00edch s\u00fadov (napr. rozsudok Krajsk\u00e9ho s\u00fadu v\u00a0Bratislave sp.\u00a0zn. 4Co\/91\/2020, rozsudok Krajsk\u00e9ho s\u00fadu v\u00a0Ko\u0161iciach sp.\u00a0zn. 5Co\/226\/2019 alebo rozsudok Krajsk\u00e9ho s\u00fadu v\u00a0Bratislave sp.\u00a0zn. 4Co\/275\/2018) sa jav\u00ed, \u017ee <strong>s\u00fadna prax je oh\u013eadom prizn\u00e1vania n\u00e1roku na n\u00e1hradu nemajetkovej ujmy pozostal\u00fdm obetiam dopravn\u00fdch neh\u00f4d u\u017e jednotn\u00e1 a\u00a0s\u00fady tieto n\u00e1roky pozostal\u00fdm vo\u010di pois\u0165ovniam prizn\u00e1vaj\u00fa.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Jednotn\u00e1 v\u0161ak nie je s\u00fadna prax oh\u013eadom v\u00fd\u0161ky tak\u00e9hoto n\u00e1roku. Ke\u010f\u017ee n\u00e1rok nevypl\u00fdva priamo zo z\u00e1kona a\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161ka od\u0161kodnenia (nemajetkovej ujmy) nie je ni\u010d\u00edm konkr\u00e9tne ur\u010den\u00e1, <strong>z\u00e1vis\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ka nemajetkovej ujmy od pos\u00fadenia konkr\u00e9tneho pr\u00edpadu s\u00fadom.<\/strong> Do \u00favahy sa berie osobn\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia pozostal\u00fdch (napr. citov\u00e9 v\u00e4zby na obe\u0165 dopravnej nehody alebo ekonomick\u00e1 z\u00e1vislos\u0165 na obeti), okolnosti za ak\u00fdch k\u00a0dopravnej nehode do\u0161lo, proces vyrovn\u00e1vania sa pozostal\u00fdch s\u00a0\u00famrt\u00edm bl\u00edzkej osoby a\u00a0r\u00f4zne \u010fal\u0161ie faktory. <strong>V\u00fd\u0161ka prizn\u00e1vanej nemajetkovej ujmy sa tak v\u00fdrazne l\u00ed\u0161i od pr\u00edpadu k\u00a0pr\u00edpadu <\/strong>a\u00a0pohybuje sa od nieko\u013ek\u00fdch tis\u00edc do nieko\u013ek\u00fdch desiatok tis\u00edc eur.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Odpor\u00fa\u010dame v\u00e1m obr\u00e1ti\u0165 sa najsk\u00f4r na pois\u0165ov\u0148u, po\u017eiada\u0165 ju o\u00a0n\u00e1hradu nemajetkovej ujmy <\/strong>a\u00a0pod\u013ea\u00a0 reakcie pois\u0165ovne sa rozhodn\u00fa\u0165, \u010di sa obr\u00e1tite na s\u00fad. <strong>Pozor tie\u017e na preml\u010daciu dobu uplatnenia tejto ujmy<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 by mala by\u0165 dvojro\u010dn\u00e1, pri\u010dom za\u010diatok plynutia by sa mal po\u010d\u00edta\u0165 od pr\u00e1voplatnosti rozhodnutia, ktor\u00fdm bola uznan\u00e1 vina p\u00e1chate\u013ea dopravn\u00e9ho priestupku za pre\u010din usmrtenia.\u00a0 Na d\u013a\u017eku preml\u010dacej doby s\u00fa aj in\u00e9 n\u00e1zory a\u00a0tie\u017e s\u00fa in\u00e9 n\u00e1zory na moment, od ktor\u00e9ho by sa jej plynutie malo po\u010d\u00edta\u0165, uv\u00e1dzame v\u0161ak ten n\u00e1zor, s\u00a0ktor\u00fdm sa stoto\u017e\u0148ujeme my.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h3>Pred dvoma rokmi som pri\u0161la o man\u017eela, stal sa obe\u0165ou dopravnej nehody. Vodi\u010d, ktor\u00fd dopravn\u00fa nehodu sp\u00f4sobil, bol s\u00fadom uznan\u00fd za vinn\u00e9ho z pre\u010dinu usmrtenia. Pois\u0165ov\u0148a mi uhradila z povinn\u00e9ho zmluvn\u00e9ho poistenia motorov\u00e9ho vozidla, ktor\u00fdm bola sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 nehoda, n\u00e1klady na pohreb a n\u00e1klady na zriadenie hrobov\u00e9ho miesta. Dopo\u010dula som sa v\u0161ak, \u017ee &#8230;<\/h3>","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":36859,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[50,51],"tags":[],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36857"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36857"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36857\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.krivak.sk\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}